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Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from a variety of plants, including barberry, tree turmeric, goldenseal, Amur cork trees, and the Oregon grape. The roots, stems, and bark are the richest sources of berberine. Berberine has a bitter taste, as is the case for most alkaloids.
A significant portion of scientific research on berberine focuses on its heart health-boosting properties. Berberine is able to protect heart tissue from oxidative injuries by regulating AMPK phosphorylation. Berberine also conveys protective effects following an acute injury to the heart. Berberine also acts as a vasorelaxant, meaning it may reduce vascular pressure.
Berberine also interacts with cholesterol and triglycerides, which may improve heart health. One study found that berberine supplements reduced LDL cholesterol by 25% in participants with high plasma levels of cholesterol. Berberine also increases LDL receptor synthesis while also reducing its degradation. LDL receptors reduce cholesterol levels by pulling LDL cholesterol from the blood.
Berberine has positive implications for triglyceride levels as well. The body stores triglycerides as fat to use for energy later. However, excess triglycerides increase the risk of several heart health complications. One study noted that participants taking berberine supplements for four weeks saw a 16% reduction in their triglyceride levels. Another study examined participants for 12 weeks and noted an even greater decrease in triglycerides of 23%.
Berberine can help reduce blood sugar levels, too. It exerts this effect through a number of mechanisms. Berberine supplements decrease insulin resistance, boost the body’s ability to break down sugar, lower sugar synthesis in the liver, slow carbohydrate breakdown during digestion, and increase levels of good gut bacteria.
Berberine may help individuals trying to lose weight. One study found that berberine improves insulin sensitivity and inhibits fat storage in individuals with metabolic syndrome. After three months of study, the participants lowered their body mass index (BMI) from an average of 31.5 to 27.4. Individuals with a BMI over 30 are considered obese and at much higher risk of developing obesity-related health complications. Berberine may impede fat cell growth as well.
Research is ongoing into berberine’s many beneficial properties. Some other areas of interest are berberine’s ability to:
The most common berberine side effects are gastrointestinal. Some individuals may experience upset stomach, gas, constipation, or diarrhea. Do not take berberine while on antibiotics, as the combination is toxic. Berberine may interact with diabetes medication. Consult with a physician before taking a new supplement.
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